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Questions & Answers

For mid-term exam

Implement Database Backup

1. Among the failure events, which is the most serious?

A. The loss of an entire redo log file group but no loss in any other group

B. The loss of one member of each redo log file group

C. The failure of the ARC0 background process

D. The failure of the LGWR background process

A. Losing an entire redo log file group can result in losing committed transactions that may not yet have been written to the database files. Losing all members of a redo log file group except for one does not affect database operation and does not result in lost data. A message is placed in the alert log file. The failure of LGWR or ARC0 causes an instance failure, but you do not lose any committed transaction data.

2. To enable the flashback database option, the database must be in which of the following modes?

A. NOARCHIVELOG mode

B. ARCHIVELOG mode

C. FLASHBACK LOG mode

D. BEGIN BACKUP mode

B. To enable the flashback database option, the database must be in ARCHIVELOG mode. FLASHBACK LOG mode is not a valid mode of database operation. BEGIN BACKUP mode is used to perform hot backups without using RMAN.

3. When the database is in ARCHIVELOG mode, database recovery is possible up to which event or time?

A. The last redo log file switch

B. The last checkpoint position

C. The last commit

D. The last incremental backup using RMAN

C. In ARCHIVELOG mode, recovering the database is possible up to the last COMMIT statement; in other words, no committed transactions are lost in ARCHIVELOG mode.

4. From the following, choose the true statement regarding image copies and backup sets.

A. An image copy stores one data file per image copy, and a backup set can store all data files in a single file.

B. An image copy stores one data file per image copy, and a backup set consists of one file per data file backed up.

C. Both image copies and backup sets use a single file to store all objects to be backed up.

D. A backup set stores each data file in its own backup file, but an image copy places all data files into a single output file.

A. Image copies are duplicate data and log files in OS format. Backup sets are binary compressed files in Oracle proprietary format. In addition to storing multiple data files in a single output file, backup sets do not contain unused blocks.

5. The option on the EM Database Control backup-scheduling options screen that allows you to refresh an image copy on disk with an incremental backup is known as which RMAN feature?

A. Incrementally updated backups

B. Incremental level-zero backups

C. Compressed image-copy refresh

D. Compressed incremental backups

A. Incrementally updated backups save time during a recovery operation because fewer incremental backups need to be applied to the restored image copy.

6. When should the DBA make a trace copy of the control file using ALTER DATABASE BACKUP CONTROLFILE TO TRACE?

A. After every backup

B. After multiplexing the control files

C. Whenever restarting the instance

D. Whenever the physical structure of the database changes

D. In the rare event that all multiplexed copies of the control file are lost, having a trace copy of the control file reduces the possibility of data loss and reduces downtime during a recovery operation. The preferred and recommended way to back up a control file is to enable control file autobackup using RMAN.

7. Which of the following is not a step in configuring your database to archive redo log files?

A. Place the database in ARCHIVELOG mode.

B. Multiplex the online redo log files.

C. Specify a destination for archived redo log files.

D. Specify a naming convention for your archived redo log files.

B. Although it is recommended that you multiplex your online redo log files, it is not required to enable ARCHIVELOG mode of the database.

8. Why are online backups known as inconsistent backups?

A. Because not all control files are synchronized to the same SCN until the database is shut down

B. Because both committed and uncommitted transactions are included in a backup when the database is online

C. Because a database failure while an online backup is in progress can leave the database in an inconsistent state

D. Because online backups make copies of data files while they are not consistent with the control files

D. During an online backup, even if all data files are backed up at the same time, they are rarely, if ever, in sync with the control file.

9. Which parameter is used to specify the archive-log destination?

A. ARCHIVE_LOG_DEST_n

B. LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_n

C. DB_CREATE_FILE_DEST

D. DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST_n

B. LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_n specifies the archive-log location. You can configure up to 10 archive-log destinations. LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_10 is reserved for the flash recovery area, which is specified by the parameter DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST.

10. Which of the following initialization parameters specifies the location where the control file trace backup is sent?

A. DIAGNOSTIC_DEST

B. BACKGROUND_DUMP_DEST

C. LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST

D. CORE_DUMP_DEST

A. The trace backup is created in a subdirectory under the location specified by the DIAGNOSTIC_DEST parameter—$DIAGNOSTIC_DEST/diag/<dbname>/<instancename>/trace directory.

11. Which of the following pieces of information is not available in the control file?

A. Instance name

B. Database name

C. Tablespace names

D. Log sequence number

A. The instance name is not in the control file. The control file has information about the physical database structure.

12. Which data dictionary view shows that the database is in ARCHIVELOG mode?

A. V$INSTANCE

B. V$LOG

C. V$DATABASE

D. V$THREAD

C. The V$DATABASE view in the column LOG_MODE shows whether the database is in ARCHIVELOG mode or in NOARCHIVELOG mode.

13. Which file records all changes made to the database and is used only when recovering an instance?

A. Archive-log file

B. Redo log file

C. Control file

D. Alert log file

B. The redo log file records all changes made to the database. The LGWR process writes the redo log buffer entries to the redo log files. These entries are used to roll forward, or to update, the data files during an instance recovery. Archive log files are used for media recovery.

14. Which initialization parameter contains the value used as the default for archived log file destination 10?

A. LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST

B. STANDBY_ARCHIVE_DEST

C. LOG_ARCHIVE_DUPLEX_DEST

D. DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST

E. USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST

DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST points to the flash recovery area, and this is the default for archived log-file destination number 10.

15. Which of the following commands is a key step in multiplexing control files using an spfile?

A. ALTER SYSTEM SET CONTROL_FILES= ‘/u01/oradata/PRD/cntrl01.ctl’, ‘/u01/ oradata/PRD/cntrl02.ctl’ SCOPE=SPFILE;

B. ALTER SYSTEM SET CONTROL_FILES= ‘/u01/oradata/PRD/cntrl01.ctl’, ‘/u01/ oradata/PRD/cntrl02.ctl’ SCOPE=MEMORY;

C. ALTER SYSTEM SET CONTROL_FILES= ‘/u01/oradata/PRD/cntrl01.ctl’, ‘/u01/ oradata/PRD/cntrl02.ctl’ SCOPE=BOTH;

D. The number of control files is fixed when the database is created.

A. The location of the new control files is not valid until an operating-system copy is made of the current control file to the new location(s) and the instance is restarted. The SCOPE=SPFILE option specifies that the parameter change will not take place until a restart.

Specifying either MEMORY or BOTH causes an error, because CONTROL_FILES is not a dynamic parameter.

16. Which statement adds a member /logs/redo22.log to redo log file group 2?

A. ALTER DATABASE ADD LOGFILE ‘/logs/redo22.log’ TO GROUP 2;

B. ALTER DATABASE ADD LOGFILE MEMBER ‘/logs/redo22.log’ TO GROUP 2;

C. ALTER DATABASE ADD MEMBER ‘/logs/redo22.log’ TO GROUP 2;

D. ALTER DATABASE ADD LOGFILE ‘/logs/redo22.log’;

B. When adding log-file members, specify the group number, or specify all the existing group members.

17. What is the biggest advantage of having the control files on different disks?

A. Database performance.

B. Guards against failure.

C. Faster archiving.

D. Writes are concurrent, so having control files on different disks speeds up control file writes.

B. Having the control files on different disks ensures that even if you lose one disk, you lose only one control file. If you lose one of the control files, you can shut down the database and copy a control file, or you can change the CONTROL_FILES parameter and restart the database.

18. To place the database into ARCHIVELOG mode, in which state must you start the database?

A. MOUNT

B. NOMOUNT

C. OPEN

D. SHUTDOWN

E. Any of the above

A. To put the database into ARCHIVELOG mode, the database must be in the MOUNT state; the control files and all data files that are not offline must be available to change the database to ARCHIVELOG mode.

19. Which of the following commands places the database in ARCHIVELOG mode? A. ALTER SYSTEM ARCHIVELOG;

B. ALTER DATABASE ARCHIVELOG;

C. ALTER SYSTEM SET ARCHIVELOG=TRUE;

D. ALTER DATABASE ENABLE ARCHIVELOG MODE;

E. ALTER DATABASE ARCHIVELOG MODE;

B. You use the ALTER DATABASE ARCHIVELOG command while the database is in the MOUNT state to enable archiving of online redo log files.

20. Which of the following substitution-variable formats are always required for specifying the names of the archived redo log files? (Choose all that apply.)

A. %d

B. %s

C. %r

D. %t

B, C, D. The substitution variable %d, which represents the database ID, is required only if multiple databases share the same archive-log destination.

Recovering the Database

1. The distance between the checkpoint position in a redo log group and the end of the redo log group can never be what percentage of the smallest redo log group?

A. 15

B. 100

C. 50

D. 90

E. None of the above; the distance is relative to the size of the largest redo log group.

D. The distance (in bytes) between the checkpoint position in a redo log group and the end of the current redo log group can never be more than 90 percent of the size of the smallest redo log group.

2. A database user tries to add a new row to a table, but the tablespace where the table resides is out of space. This type of failure is considered a failure, and the DBA can solve this problem by .

A. user error; providing additional user privileges

B. user error; increasing the user’s quota

C. statement failure; enabling resumable-space allocation

D. statement failure; changing the application logic

The failure of one statement is considered a statement failure, and one way to solve the problem is to enable resumable-space allocation. When resumable space is enabled, Oracle generates an alert and places the session in a suspended state.

Which of the following initialization parameters controls the mean time to recover the database, in seconds, after an instance failure?

A. FAST_START_IO_TARGET

B. LOG_CHECKPOINT_TIMEOUT

C. FAST_START_MTTR_TARGET

D. MTTR_TARGET_ADVICE

E. FAST_START_TARGET_MTTR

C. The parameter FAST_START_MTTR_TARGET specifies the desired time, in seconds, to recover a single instance from a crash or instance failure. The parameters LOG_CHECKPOINT_TIMEOUT and FAST_START_IO_TARGET can still be used in Oracle 11g but should be used only together with an advanced-tuning scenario or for compatibility with older versions of Oracle. MTTR_TARGET_ADVICE and FAST_START_TARGET_MTTR are not valid initialization parameters.

4. What background process frees up locks and rolls back uncommitted changes for an abnormally disconnected session?

A. ORB0

B. RBAL

C. SMON

D. PMON

D. The PMON process periodically polls server processes to make sure their sessions are still connected.

5. Which of the following is not an example of a user-process failure?

A. A user’s PC suddenly reboots.

B. The network or an application develops problems.

C. The DBA kills the user session.

D. Users terminate SQL*Plus without logging out.

C. A DBA’s disconnection of a session is an intentional process termination, not a failure.

If a user’s PC reboots, the user does not get a chance to log off, and the session is cleaned up by PMON; similarly, disconnecting from the application or SQL*Plus before logging out is considered a user-process failure. A network problem can prematurely disconnect a user session, causing a user-process failure. In all cases, PMON performs the session cleanup, whether the disconnection was intentional or not.

6. Which of the following can help prevent database network failures? (Choose all that apply.)

A. Configure a backup listener process on the server.

B. Open more than one session when updating the database.

C. Configure multiple network cards on the server.

D. Create a standby database.

A, C. In addition to configuring a backup listener process and installing multiple network cards, you can implement connect-time failover and a backup network connection to reduce the possibility of network failures.

7. Identify the statement that is not true regarding the loss of a control file.

A. A damaged control file can be repaired by using one of the remaining undamaged control files, assuming there are at least two copies of the control file.

B. The missing or damaged control file can be replaced while the instance is still active.

You can temporarily run the instance with one fewer control file, as long as you remove one of the references to the missing control file in the spfile or init.ora file.

D. An instance typically fails when one of the multiplexed control files is lost or damaged.

B. The instance must be shut down, if it is not already down, to repair or replace the missing or damaged control file.

8. Which failures can be detected by the Data Recovery Advisor, which then provides repair recommendations? (Choose all that apply.)

A. Instance failure

B. Accidental deletion of a data file

C. Disk containing one redo log member is offline

D. User accidentally dropped a table

B, C. Media failure, physical corruption, logical corruption, and missing data files all can be identified by the Data Recovery Advisor, which also provides recommendations for repair.

9. The instance can still be started even if some data files are missing; this rule does not apply to which tablespaces? (Choose all that apply.)

A. USERS

B. SYSTEM

C. TEMP

D. SYSAUX

E. UNDO

B, E. If a tablespace is taken offline because a data file is missing, the instance can still be started as long as the missing data file does not belong to the SYSTEM or UNDO tablespace.

10. Select the statement that is not true regarding media failure. A media failure occurs when A. the network card on the server fails.

B. the DBA accidentally deletes one of the data files for the SYSTEM tablespace. C. there is a head crash on all physical drives in the RAID controller box.

D. a corrupted track on a CD containing a read-only tablespace causes a query to fail.

A. If a network card fails, the failure type is network; the actual media containing the database files are not affected. 11. Choose the correct statement about the Data Recovery Advisor.

A. The Data Recovery Advisor is a stand-alone tool.

B. The Data Recovery Advisor does not support RAC databases.

C. The CHANGE FAILURE command can be used in SQL*Plus session.

D. The REPAIR FAILURE command works only after LIST FAILURE.

B. The Data Recovery Advisor in Oracle 11g Release 1 does not support RAC databases.

It is integrated with EM Database Control and with RMAN. CHANGE FAILURE and other commands can be executed using RMAN. The ADVISE FAILURE command must be run before you can perform REPAIR FAILURE.

12. To recover a data file from the SYSTEM or UNDO tablespace, the instance must be in which database state?

A. NOMOUNT

B. OPEN

C. ABORT

MOUNT

D. Unlike recovery of non–system-critical tablespaces other than SYSTEM or UNDO that can be recovered with the database in OPEN state, the database must be in MOUNT state to recover either the SYSTEM or UNDO tablespace.

13. The STATUS column of the dynamic performance view V$LOGFILE contains what value if one of the redo log file group members has been lost because of a media failure?

A. INVALID

B. STALE

C. DELETED

D. The column contains a NULL value.

A. If the redo log file group member has been lost because of a media failure or inadvertent deletion, the STATUS column is set to INVALID when an attempt is made to write redo information to that member.

14. Place the following events or actions leading up to and during instance recovery in the correct order.

1. The database is opened and available.

2. Oracle uses undo segments in the undo tablespace to roll back uncommitted transactions.

3. The DBA issues the STARTUP command at the SQL*Plus prompt.

4. Oracle applies the information in the online redo log files to the data files.

A. 4, 3, 2, 1

B. 3, 4, 1, 2

C. 2, 1, 3, 4

D. 2, 1, 4, 3

E. 3, 2, 4, 1

F. 3, 4, 2, 1

B. Instance recovery, also known as crash recovery, occurs when the DBA attempts to open the database but the files were not synchronized to the same SCN when the database was shut down. Once the DBA issues the STARTUP command, Oracle uses information in the redo log files to restore the data files (including the undo tablespace’s data files) to the state before the instance failure. Oracle then uses undo data in the undo tablespace after the database has been opened and made available to users to roll back uncommitted transactions.

15. You noticed that when your instance crashes, it takes a long time to start up the database. Which advisor can be used to tune this situation?

A. The Undo Advisor

B. The SQL Tuning Advisor

C. The Database Tuning Advisor

D. The MTTR Advisor

E. The Instance Tuning Advisor

D. The MTTR Advisor can tell the DBA the most effective value for the FAST_START_MTTR_TARGET parameter. This parameter specifies the maximum time required in seconds to perform instance recovery.

16. If a data file is missing when the instance is started, where is the error message recorded?

A. Only in the alert log.

B. All missing files are returned directly to the administrator in the SQL*Plus session.

C. The first missing file is returned directly to the administrator in the SQL*Plus session, and the rest of the missing files are identified in V$RECOVER_FILE.

Only in the alert log and in the DBWR background-process trace files.

C. In addition to reporting the first missing file to the administrator and listing all the missing files in the dynamic performance view V$RECOVER_FILE, the missing data file(s) are noted in the DBWR background-process trace files.

17. In ARCHIVELOG mode, the loss of a data file for any tablespace other than the SYSTEM or UNDO tablespace affects which objects in the database?

A. The loss affects only objects whose extents reside in the lost data file.

B. The loss affects only the objects in the affected tablespace, and work can continue in other tablespaces.

C. The loss will not abort the instance but will prevent other transactions in any tablespace other than SYSTEM or UNDO until the affected tablespace is recovered.

D. The loss affects only those users whose default tablespace contains the lost or damaged data file.

B. The loss of one or more of a tablespace’s data files does not prevent other users from doing their work in other tablespaces. Recovering the affected data files can continue while the database is still online and available.

18. Which dynamic performance view shows the data files either needing media recovery or missing at instance startup?

A. V$RECOVER_FILE

B. V$DATAFILE

C. V$TABLESPACE

D. V$RECOVERY_FILE_DEST

E. V$RECOVERY_FILE_STATUS

A. The dynamic performance view V$RECOVER_FILE contains a list of the data files that either need media recovery or are missing when the instance is started.

19. A fire breaks out in the server room near the routers, and the operations manager cuts off power to all servers, including the database servers. Before the fire is put out, the disk drive containing the SYSTEM tablespace and both network cards on the Oracle Database 11g server are destroyed. The user SCOTT was about to create a new table, but the connection was dropped after the power was disconnected from the server. This scenario is primarily an example of what kind of failure?

A. Network

B. Instance

C. Statement D. Media

E. User error F. User process

B. The primary failure in this scenario is instance. Subsequently, a network failure will occur when connections are attempted through the burned-out router. However, no connections are possible until the network card in the server is replaced; the instance cannot start because of a media failure on the disk containing the SYSTEM tablespace.

20. Which of the following conditions prevents the instance from progressing through the NOMOUNT, MOUNT, and OPEN states?

A. One of the redo log file groups is missing a member.

B. The instance was previously shut down uncleanly with SHUTDOWN ABORT. C. Either the spfile or init.ora file is missing.

D. One of the five multiplexed control files is damaged.

E. The USERS tablespace is offline, with one of its data files deleted.

D. All copies of the control files as defined in the spfile or the init.ora file must be identical and available. If one of the redo log file groups is missing a member, a warning is recorded in the alert log, but instance startup still proceeds. If the instance was previously shut down with SHUTDOWN ABORT, instance recovery automatically occurs during startup. Only an spfile or an init.ora file is needed to enter the NOMOUNT state, not both. If a tablespace is offline, the status of its data files is not checked until an attempt is made to bring it online; therefore, it will not prevent instance startup.

Configure & Backup Using RMAN command

1. How is block-change tracking enabled?

A. With alter database enable block change tracking

B. With alter system enable block change tracking

C. With an init.ora parameter change

D. With an spfile parameter change

A. Block-change tracking must be enabled with alter database enable block change tracking. The physical location and name of the block-change tracking file must be supplied.

2. What type of backup is stored in a proprietary RMAN format?

A. Backup set

B. Image copy

C. Backup section

D. Backup group

A. The backup set is stored in a proprietary RMAN format, where only used blocks are backed up. 3. Consider the following command:

RMAN> Backup database plus archivelog delete input;

How many backup sets would be created by this command if the following were true:

· Control-file auto backups were enabled.

· The size of backup sets was not restricted.

· One channel was allocated.

A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 E. 5

D. The following backup sets would be created:

· One for an archive log backup before the main backup.

· One for the main backup. Since we are using a single channel with no backup-set size restriction, RMAN would create a single backup set.

· One for an archive log backup after the main backup.

One for the control-file autobackup.

4. Which command creates an image copy?

A. backup as copy

B. backup copy

C. copy as backup

D. copy back

A. The backup as copy command is used to create an image-copy backup.

5. Compressed backups work with which of the following commands?

A. copy as backup

B. backup as copy

C. backup

D. copy

C. Compressed backups work only with backup sets, not image copies. Thus, compressed backups will work only with the backup command.

6. Which is the correct command to back up the database, back up the archived redo logs, and then remove the backed-up archived redo logs?

A. backup database

B. backup database and archivelogs

C. backup database plus archivelogs

D backup database plus archivelog delete input

E. backup database and archivelog delete input

D. The correct answer is to use the backup database plus archivelog delete input command.

7. Which of the following best describes a full backup?

A. All datafiles of a database

B. All datafiles, archive logs, and control files

C. All datafiles and control files

D. All the used blocks in a datafile

D. A full backup is best described by backing up all the used blocks in a datafile or any database file.

8. Which type of backup backs up only data blocks modified since the most recent backup at the same level or lower?

A. Differential incremental backup

B. Different incremental backup

C. Cumulative backup

D. Cumulative incremental backup

A. A differential incremental backup backs up only blocks that have been modified since a backup at the same level or lower.

9. Which type of backup must be performed first with an incremental backup?

A. Level 1

B. Level 0

Level 2

D. Level 3

B. A level-0 backup is the first backup that is performed when implementing an incremental backup strategy. A level-0 backup copies all the used blocks as a baseline.

10. Which backup option defines a user-defined name for a backup?

A. FORMAT

B. NAME

C. TAG

D. FORMAT U%

C. The TAG option is used to name a backup with a user-defined character string.

11. Given the following steps, which would be the correct order to create a backup of an Oracle database in NOARCHIVELOG mode?

a. shutdown immediate from RMAN

b. Log into RMAN

c. startup mount from RMAN

d. backup database

e. alter database open

f. backup database plus archivelog delete input A. b, c ,a, d, e

B. b, a, c, f, e C. a, c, e, d D. b, a, c, e, f E. b, a, c, d, e

E. The correct order of operations is to log into RMAN and then shut down the database with the shutdown immediate command. You then mount the database with the startup mount command. Once the database is mounted, you back up the database with the backup database command. Finally, after the backup is complete, you open the database.

12. Which of the following most closely represents an image copy? A. Unix cp command of a file

B. Bit-by-bit copy of a file

C. Windows COPY command of a file D. All of the above

D. Image copies are similar to operating-system copy commands. These equate to bit-by-bit copies of a file. 13. Which dynamic view displays the status of block-change tracking?

A. V$BLOCK_CHANGE

B. V$BLOCK_CHANGE_TRACKING

C. V$BLOCKCHANGE

D. V$BLOCK_TRACKING

B. The V$BLOCK_CHANGE_TRACKING dynamic view shows the filename, status, and size of the block-change tracking file.

14. What feature comes into play to help ensure the completion of the backup should one of three backup devices fail during a backup that is using three different channels?

A. Channel failover

B. Restartable backups

C. Rescheduable backups

D. Automatic backup recovery

E. Channel recovery

A. Channel failover is the RMAN feature that provides the ability for other channels to take over the work of a failed channel during backup and recovery operations. Obviously, channel failover requires the allocation of more than one channel.

15. What command would you use to set a persistent setting in RMAN so that backups are all written to a tape device?

A. CONFIGURE DEFAULT DEVICE TYPE TO TAPE MEDIA

B. CONFIGURE DEFAULT DEVICE TYPE TO TAPE

C. CONFIGURE DEFAULT DEVICE TYPE TO SBT

D. CONFIGURE DEFAULT DEVICE TYPE TO SBT_TAPE

C. The command that sets the persistent setting that directs RMAN to back up to tape is CONFIGURE DEFAULT DEVICE TYPE TO SBT.

16. The CONTROL_FILE_RECORD_KEEP_TIME initialization parameter should be set to what value? (Choose all that apply.)

A. The initialization parameter should be set to 0 when the RMAN repository is being used.

B. The initialization parameter should be set to greater than 0 with the RMAN repository utilizing the recovery catalog only.

C. The initialization parameter should be set to greater than 0 with the RMAN repository utilizing the control file or the recovery catalog.

D. The initialization parameter should be set to 0 with the RMAN repository utilizing the control file or the recovery catalog.

E. The initialization parameter should never be set to 0 if you are using RMAN.

C, E. The CONTROL_FILE_RECORD_KEEP_TIME initialization parameter should never be set to 0 if you are using RMAN. If this value is set to 0, there is a potential to lose backup records.

17. Given the following steps, which would be the correct order to create a backup of an Oracle database in ARCHIVELOG mode with control-file autobackups enabled?

a. backup archivelog all;

b. backup database all;

c. backup controlfile;

d. backup archivelog, database, controlfile delete input;

e. backup database plus archivelog delete input

A. e

B. a, b, a, c

C. d

D. b, a, c

b, a, c, d, e

A. Backing up in ARCHIVELOG mode is as easy as issuing the backup database plus archivelog delete input command.

18. Which of the following statements are true about the BACKUP command? (Choose all that apply.)

A. The BACKUP command can not be used to make image copies of a datafile.

B. The BACKUP command can improve performance by multiplexing backup files.

C. The BACKUP can take advantage of the block-change tracking capability.

D. The BACKUP command cannot store data in incremental backups.

E. The BACKUP command can store data in cumulative incremental backups only.

B, C. The BACKUP command can take advantage of multiplexing datafiles to the same backup set. The BACKUP command can also use the block- change tracking capability.

19. Which command is used to configure RMAN to perform a compressed backup for every backup executed?

A. BACKUP AS COMPRESSED BACKUPSET DATABASE

B. BACKUP AS COMPRESSED COPY OF DATABASE

C. CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE DISK BACKUP TYPE TO COMPRESSED BACKUPSET

D. CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE DISK BACKUP TYPE COMPRESS

E. BACKUP DATABASE COMPRESS

C. Use the CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE DISK BACKUP TYPE TO COMPRESSED BACKUPSET command to configure RMAN to always create a compressed backup by default.

20. You issue the following command:

RMAN>CONFIGURE BACKUP OPTIMIZATION ON;

What is the result of this command on your backups?

A. An incremental backup strategy will be used automatically.

B. Read-only data files will not be backed up as long as backups of those files already exist and those backups meet established retention criteria.

C. RMAN will configure itself for maximum performance at the cost of CPU.

D. RMAN will configure itself for minimal OS/CPU impact at the cost of time to back up the database.

E. RMAN will automatically compress backups.

B. Backup optimization is a feature whereby Oracle will not back up a read-only tablespace as long as that tablespace has been backed up such that it meets the backup retention criteria.

Recover Database with RMAN

1. What command would you issue to enable automated backups of control files?

A. alter database controlfile autobackup on

B. alter system controlfile autobackup on

C. configure controlfile autobackup on

D. enable controlfile autobackup

C. Enable control-file autobackups by executing the command configure controlfile autobackup on.

2. Given the following RMAN commands, choose the option that reflects the order required to restore your currently operational ARCHIVELOG-mode database.

a. restore database;

b. recover database;

c. shutdown immediate

d. startup

e. restore archivelog all;

f. alter database open A. a, b, c, d, e, f

B. c, b, a, d, e, f

C. c, b, a, d, f

D. c, a, b, d

E. c, a, e, b, d, f

D. You would shut down the database with the shutdown immediate command before the recovery. You would then issue the restore database command followed by the recover database command. After you have recovered the database, you will want to open it with the startup command.

3. Which commands are used for RMAN database recovery? (Choose all that apply.)

A. restore

B. repair

C. copy

D. recover

E. replace

A, D. The restore command is used to restore datafiles during a database recovery. The recover command is used to apply incremental backups and archived redo logs to recover the database to the needed point in time.

4. Given a complete loss of your database, in what order would you need to perform the following RMAN operations to restore it?

a. restore controlfile

b. restore database

c. restore spfile

d. recover database

e. alter database open

f. alter database open resetlogs A. b, a, c, d, e

B. a, c, b, d, f C. c, a, b, d, e D. c, a, b, d, f E. e, a, b, d, c

In the event of complete loss of your database, you will need to first restore the database spfile. Once you have restored the database spfile, you will need to restore the database control file. Having restored the database control file, you would restore the database and then recover the database. Finally, since this would be an incomplete recovery (because you lost the entire database, the online redo logs are gone too), you would need to open the database using the alter database open resetlogs command.

5. If you lost your entire database, including the database spfile, control files, online redo logs, and database datafiles, what kind of recovery would be required with RMAN?

A. Complete database recovery.

B. Incomplete database recovery.

C. Approximate database recovery.

D. Archived database recovery.

E. The database could not be recovered with RMAN.

B. A loss of the entire database will result in a requirement for an incomplete database recovery. This is because the online redo logs would not be available to perform a complete recovery.

6. Which command will restore all datafiles to the date 9/30/2008 at 18:00 hours?

A. restore datafiles until time ‘09/28/2008:21:03:11’;

B. restore database files until time ‘09/28/2008:18:00:00’;

C. restore database until time ‘09/28/2008:18:00:00’;

D. recover database until time ‘09/28/2008:18:00:00’;

E. recover database until timestamp ‘09/28/2008:18:00:00’;

C. The restore database command is used to restore database datafiles. The until time parameter is used to indicate the point in time to which you want to restore the database datafiles.

7. What is the end result of these commands if they are successful? RMAN> show retention policy;

RMAN configuration parameters for database with db_unique_name ORCL are: CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO REDUNDANCY 1; # default

RMAN>Backup database tag=’gold_copy’ plus archivelog tag=’gold_copy’ delete input;

RMAN> Backup database tag=’silver_copy’ plus archivelog tag=’silver_copy’ delete input;

A. Attempting to restore silver_copy will fail.

B. Attempting to restore gold_copy will fail.

C. Both backups will be available for restore without question.

D. Attempting to restore gold_copy may or may not succeed.

E. You will not be able to restore either gold_copy or silver_copy.

D. Since the retention policy is set to redundancy of 1, the gold_copy backup is not required to meet the retention criteria. Since the backup was not made in a way that will exclude or alter the retention criteria, then the gold_copy backup is no longer needed and may be removed at any time. It is possible that it will still be available for restore purposes, however.

8. You are using RMAN to backup your ARCHIVELOG mode database. You have enabled control-file autobackups. Which files are not backed up during the RMAN backup?

A. Database Datafiles

B. Database Control Files

Online redo logs

D. Archived redo logs

E. The database SPFILE

F. None of the above, all these files are backed up.

C. The online redo logs are never backed up by Oracle no matter what kind of backup you are performing.

9. True or false: RMAN offers the equivalent of the SQL command alter database backup controlfile to trace.

A. True

B. False

B. There is no equivalent RMAN command that creates a trace file with the create controlfile statement in it.

10. You need to restore your database back to 9/30/2008 at 18:00. In what order would you run the following commands to compete this task?

a. restore controlfile until time

‘09/30/2008:18:00:00’;

b. restore database until time

‘09/30/2008:18:00:00’;

c. restore spfile until time

‘09/30/2008:18:00:00’;

d. recover database until time

‘09/30/2008:18:00:00’;

e. alter database open resetlogs;

f. alter database open;

A. b, d, e

B. b, d, f

C. c, a, b, d, e

D. c, a, b, d, f

E. a, b, d, e

A. In this case you would first issue the restore database command using the until time option. You would then use the recover database command using the same until time option. Finally, since this is an incomplete recovery, you would need to open your database with the alter database open resetlogs command.

11. What is the correct order of the following commands if you wanted to restore datafile 4, which was accidentally removed from the file system?

a. sql ’alter database datafile 4 online’;

b. restore datafile 4;

c. recover datafile 4;

d. sql ’alter database datafile 4 offline’;

e. startup

f. shutdown

A. a, c, b, d

B. d, b, c, a

C. f, d, b, c, a, e

D. c, a, b, d, f

a, b, d, e

B. To perform the restore of datafile 4, you would first need to take the datafile offline with the alter database command. Once the datafile is offline, use the restore datafile and recover datafile commands to restore and recover the datafile in question. After the restore and recover, you will need to bring the datafile back online.

12. Your database is up and running and one of your three control files is accidentally erased. You start RMAN and run the following command:

RESTORE CONTROLFILE FROM AUTOBACKUP;

Which of the following statements is true? (Choose all that apply.)

A. The command restores only the missing control file.

B. The command restores all the control files.

C. The command fails because the database is running.

D. This is the correct way to address this problem.

E. This is not the correct way to address this problem.

C, E. This is not the correct way to address this problem. The command will fail because the database is running. Additionally, this is not the correct way to approach the loss of one of several control files. The better way to approach this loss is to shut down the database and simply copy one of the surviving control files over to where the missing control file existed.

13. Which of the following are valid until command options when attempting point-in-time recovery in RMAN? (Choose all that apply.)

A. until time

B. until change

C. until sequence

D. until SCN

E. until commit

A, C, D. The until time clause provides the ability to restore to a specific point in time. The until sequence clause provides the ability to restore to a specific redo log sequence number, and until SCN provides the ability to restore to a specific database SCN number.

14. Which of the following does the recover command not do? A. Restore archived redo logs.

B. Apply archived redo logs.

C. Restore incremental backups.

D. Apply incremental backups.

E. Restore datafile images.

E. The recover command does not restore datafile images. It does restore and apply archived redo logs and incremental backup images during the recovery process.

15. You have a database with the following tablespaces: SYSTEM, SYSAUX, UNDO, USERS, TEMP. You want to “roll back” the data in the USERS tablespace to the way it looked yesterday. Which tablespaces do you need to perform a point-in-time restore operation on in order to complete this task? (Choose all that apply.)

A. SYSTEM

B. SYSAUX

C. UNDO

D. USERS

TEMP

F. This restore is not possible.

A, B, C, D, E. You will need to restore the datafiles associated with each tablespace in the database in order to successfully complete the point-in-time database restore operation.

16. You have backed up your database using image copies. You have lost the SYSTEM tablespace and need to restart your database as quickly as possible. What is the correct solution?

A. Restore the SYSTEM tablespace from the last backup set and then recover the database.

B. Restore the SYSTEM tablespace image copy using the restore command and then restore the database.

C. Use the switch datafile command to instantly switch to the datafile copy, recover the tablespace, and open the database.

D. The database is not recoverable in this situation with image copies.

E. Manually copy the datafile image copy to the correct location and then manually restore the database from SQL*Plus.

C. You would use the switch datafile command (for example, switch datafile 1 to copy) to instantly switch to the image copy. Issue the restore command and then start up the database.

17. If you find errors in the view V$DATABASE_BLOCK_CORRUPTION with a status of MEDIA_CORRUPT, what RMAN command would you run to correct the problem?

A. recover lost blocks;

B. recover corrupt blocks;

C. recover media corrupt blocks from list;

D. recover corrupt blocks from list;

E. recover corruption list;

E. You would run the RMAN command recover corruption list to recover the corrupted blocks using block media recovery.

18. What will be the end result of this set of RMAN commands? shutdown abort

startup mount

restore datafile 4 until time ‘09/30/2008:15:00:00’; recover datafile 4 until time ‘09/29/2008:15:00:00’; alter database open resetlogs;

A. Datafile 4 will be recovered until 9/30/2008 at 15:00 and the database will open.

B. The restore command will fail.

C. The recover command will fail.

D. The alter database open resetlogs command will fail.

E. All these commands will fail because they must be in the confines of a run block.

D. The commands will run without error until you attempt to open the database. At that time, the alter database open resetlogs command will fail. This will be because datafile 4 and the rest of the database will be inconsistent with each other and Oracle does not allow this. If you are going to restore and recover an Oracle database using point-in-time recovery, you must do so with the entire database.

Which of the following represents the correct way to perform an online recovery of datafile 4, which is assigned to a tablespace called USERS?

shutdown restore datafile 4; recover datafile 4; alter database open;

Sql ’alter database datafile 4 offline’; restore datafile 4;

recover datafile 4; alter database open;

Sql ’alter database datafile 4 offline’; restore datafile 4;

Sql ’alter database datafile 4 online’;

Sql ’alter database datafile 4 offline’; restore database datafile 4;

recover database datafile 4;

Sql ’alter database datafile 4 online’;

Sql ’alter database datafile 4 offline’; restore datafile 4;

recover datafile 4;

Sql ’alter database datafile 4 online’;

E. For this recovery, you would use the RMAN sql command to issue an alter database datafile offline command. You would then use the RMAN restore and recover commands to recover the lost datafile. Finally, you would use the RMAN sql command to issue the alter database datafile online command.

20. David managed to accidentally delete the datafiles for database called DSL. He called Heber and Heber tried to help but he managed to delete the control files of the database. Heber called Bill and Bill saved the day. They are using a recovery catalog for this database. What steps did

Bill perform to recover the database and in what order?

b. Restored the control file with the RMAN restore controlfile command.

c. Mounted the DSL instance with the alter database mount command.

d. Restored the datafiles for the DSL database with the RMAN restore command.

e. Opened the DSL database with the alter database open resetlogs command.

f. Recovered the datafiles for the DSL database with the RMAN recover command.

f. Started the DSL instance.

g. Connected to the recovery catalog with RMAN. A. a, b, c, d, e, f, g

B. b, c, d, g, f, e, a C. g, f, a, b, c, e, d D. c, a, d, b, f, e, g E. g, f, a, b, e, c, d

To restore the database, in this case they needed to connect to the recovery catalog with RMAN. They then started the DSL instance with the startup nomount command and restored the control file with the restore controlfile command. After restoring the control file, they mounted the database with the alter database mount command and then restored the database with the restore database command. After restoring the database, they recovered it with the recover database command and then opened it with the alter database open resetlogs command.

Data Moving

1. Which two PL/SQL packages are used by Oracle Data Pump?

A. UTL_DATAPUMP

B. DBMS_METADATA

C. DBMS_DATAPUMP

D. UTL_FILE

E. DBMS_SQL

B, C. The DBMS_METADATA package provides the database object definitions to the export worker process in the proper order of their creation. The DBMS_DATAPUMP package has the API for high-speed export and import for bulk data and metadata loading and unloading.

2. These options list the benefits of Oracle Data Pump; pick two that are not true.

A. Data Pump supports fine-grained object selection using the EXCLUDE, INCLUDE, and CONTENT options.

B. Data Pump has the ability to specify the target version of the database so that the objects exported are compatible. This is useful in moving data from Oracle 10g to Oracle9i.

C. Data Pump has the ability to specify the maximum number of threads to unload data.

D. The DBA can choose to perform the export using direct path or external tables.

E. The Data Pump job can be monitored from another computer on the network.

B, D. Oracle Data Pump is known to versions 10g and newer; Oracle9i does not support

Data Pump. Though Data Pump can perform data access using the direct-path or external table method, Data Pump makes the decision automatically; the DBA cannot specify the data-access method. Data Pump also supports network mode to import directly from the source database and can estimate the space requirements for the dump file.

3. The Data Pump job maintains a master control table with information about Data Pump. Choose the right statement.

A. The master table is the heart of Data Pump operation and is maintained in the SYS schema.

B. The master table contains one row for the operation that keeps track of the object being worked so that the job can be restarted in the event of failure.

C. During the export, the master table is written to the dump file set at the beginning of export operation.

D. The Data Pump job runs in the schema of the job creator with that user’s rights and privileges.

E. All of the above.

D. The master table is the heart of the Data Pump operation and is maintained in the schema of the job creator. It bears the name of the job, contains one row for each object and each operation, and keeps status. Using this information helps restart a failed job or suspend and resume a job. The master table is written to the dump file as the last step of the export and is loaded to the schema of the user as the first step of the import.

4. When using the expdp and impdp clients, the parameters LOGFILE, DUMPFILE, and SQLFILE need a directory object where the files will be written to or read from. Choose the nonsupported method for non-privileged users.

A. Specify the DIRECTORY parameter.

B. Specify the filename parameters with directory:file_name.

C. Use the initialization parameter DATA_PUMP_DIR.

D. None of the above (all are supported).

If a directory object is created with name DATA_PUMP_DIR, the privileged users can use this location as the default location for Data Pump files. Privileged users are users with EXP_FULL_DATABASE or

IMP_FULL_DATABASE roles. Using %U in the filename generates multiple files for parallel unloads with each parallel process writing to one file.

5. Which command-line parameter of expdp and impdp clients connects you to an existing job?

A. CONNECT_CLIENT

B. CONTINUE_CLIENT

C. APPEND

D. ATTACH

D. The ATTACH parameter lets you attach or connect to an existing Data Pump job and places you in interactive mode. ATTACH without any parameters attaches to the currently running job, if there is only one job from the user. Otherwise, you must specify the job name when using the ATTACH parameter.

6. Which option unloads the data and metadata of the SCOTT user, except the tables that begin with TEMP? The dump file also should have the DDL to create the user.

A. CONTENT=BOTH TABLES=(not like ‘TEMP%’) SCHEMAS=SCOTT

B. SCHEMAS=SCOTT EXCLUDE=TABLE:”LIKE ‘TEMP%’”

C. INCLUDE=METADATA EXCLUDE=TABLES:”NOT LIKE ‘TEMP%’” SCHEMAS=SCOTT

D. TABLES=”NOT LIKE ‘TEMP%’” SCHEMAS=SCOTT

B. If the CONTENT parameter is not specified, both data and metadata will be unloaded. The valid values for CONTENT are METADATA_ONLY, DATA_ONLY, and ALL. If Scott is performing the export, SCHEMAS=SCOTT is optional.

7. Which parameter is not a valid one for using the impdp client?

A. REMAP_INDEX

B. REMAP_TABLE

C. REMAP_SCHEMA

D. REMAP_TABLESPACE

E. REMAP_DATAFILE

A. REMAP_DATAFILE changes the name of the source data file to the target data filename in all DDL statements where the source data file is referenced. REMAP_SCHEMA loads all objects from the source schema into the destination schema. When using REMAP_TABLESPACE, all objects selected for import with persistent data in the source tablespace are remapped to be created in the destination tablespace. REMAP_TABLE changes the name of the table. Since the dump file is in XML format, Data Pump can make these transformations easily. REMAP_INDEX is an invalid parameter.

8. When do you use the FLASHBACK_TIME parameter in the impdp utility?

A. To load data from the dump file that was modified after a certain time.

B. To discard data from the dump file that was modified after a certain time.

C. When the NETWORK_LINK parameter is used.

D. FLASHBACK_TIME is valid only with expdp, not with impdp.

C. You can specify the FLASHBACK_TIME or FLASHBACK_SCN parameter only when performing a network import where the source is a database.

To perform a Data Pump import from a live database, which parameter needs to be set? A. db_link

B. network_link

C. dumpfile

D. directory

B. The network_link parameter specifies a database link to the source database.

10. Choose two statements about EM Support Workbench that are true.

A. It can identify problems, contact Oracle Support, and resolve problems automatically.

B. It helps collect diagnostic data and package it to send to Oracle Support.

C. Multiple incidents of similar nature are combined as a problem.

D. It is primarily used to track service requests created with Oracle Support.

B, C. Oracle Support Workbench can help DBAs diagnose the problem, collect more information and related traces, and dump files into a package to send to Oracle Support for analysis.

11. Which types of patches do not undergo rigorous testing?

A. Interim patches

B. Critical patch updates

C. Patch releases

D. None of the above

A. Interim patches are also known as one-off patches, created for a specific problem. CPU and patch releases undergo rigorous testing.

12. When is it most appropriate to use external table?

A. When you need to read binary files (PDF and photos) into Oracle Database

B. To query a large file without loading the data into the database

C. When the expdp and impdp utilities are not licensed for use

D. To load a large file into the database quickly

B. External tables can be used to read ASCII flat files without loading into the database. The external table must be created with the ORACLE_LOADER access driver.

13. Which constraint is not enforced during the direct path load using SQL*Loader?

A. Primary key.

B. Unique key.

C. Not null.

D. Check.

E. All the constraints are enforced.

F. No constraints are enforced.

D. Primary key, unique key, and not null constraints are enforced during direct path load. Check and foreign key constraints are not enforced.

14. Which utility can be used to identify the patches applied to your Oracle Database home location?

A. ADRCI

B. OPatch

C. Oracle Universal Installer (OUI)

All of the above

B. OPatch is used to apply the CPU and interim patches. The lsinventory option of the $ORACLE_HOME/OPatch/opatch command is used to query patches.

15. Choose the correct statement about Oracle Support Services.

A. Support can be contacted using the metalink.oracle.com or support.oracle.com web page.

B. Anyone can register and search Oracle Support’s Knowledge Base.

C. There is no published phone number to contact OSS.

D. Support analysts are available only during U.S. Pacific time zone work hours.

A. OSS can be contacted via phone or the Web. The Web is the preferred method of contact.

16. When using EM Database Control to load data into Oracle Database from a flat file, you should do which of the following?

A. Cut and paste the file content into the data text box.

B. Always build your own control file and specify it for the data load.

C. Keep the log file, bad file, and data file in the same directory.

D. Load the data file from the server or on your client machine.

E. Load the data from the client machine.

D. The data file, log file, and bad file can be on the database server or on the client machine. When using a database server, you must specify the file location using directory objects.

17. Choose the statement that is not true from the following about direct path load.

A. Direct path load cannot occur if active transactions against the table are being loaded.

B. Triggers do not fire during direct path loads.

C. During direct path loads, foreign key constraints are disabled at the beginning of the load and then reenabled after the load.

D. Only primary key, unique, and NOT NULL constraints are enforced.

E. Direct path load allows other users to perform DML operations on the table while the direct load operation is in progress.

E. While the direct path load is in progress, users cannot run any DML statements against the table. Only queries are allowed.

18. Which two advisors can help you repair critical errors?

A. SQL Tuning Advisor

B. SQL Repair Advisor

C. SQL Syntax Advisor

D. Data Recovery Advisor

B, D. The SQL Repair Advisor can be invoked to diagnose issues arising out of SQL statements. The Data Recovery Advisor can be used to recover from block corruptions and missing data files.

19. When using EM Support Workbench, how is a problem closed?

A. When the error is no longer appearing

B. When Oracle Support Services closes the SR in Metalink

C. When the DBA manually closes the incident

All of the above

C. Problems are closed manually by the DBA. If the retention periods are not changed, incident data will be purged from the Automatic Diagnostic Repository after 30 days, and Metadata will be kept for 1 year.

20. To register for Oracle Support Services Support access, you must do which of the following? (Choose all that apply.)

A. Have a valid driver’s license

B. Be an Oracle customer with a valid CSI number

C. Get approval from the CSI administrator

D. Be a member of the IOUG or OAUG user group

B, C. You must have a valid customer support identifier to register and use the OSS web page.

uytry.oracle@gmail.com

***** GOOD LUCK *****

Thanks to UNIVERSITY OF PUTHISASTRA

Questions & Answers

For mid-term exam

Implement Database Backup

1. Among the failure events, which is the most serious?

A. The loss of an entire redo log file group but no loss in any other group

B. The loss of one member of each redo log file group

C. The failure of the ARC0 background process

D. The failure of the LGWR background process

2. To enable the flashback database option, the database must be in which of the following modes?

A. NOARCHIVELOG mode

B. ARCHIVELOG mode

C. FLASHBACK LOG mode

D. BEGIN BACKUP mode

3. When the database is in ARCHIVELOG mode, database recovery is possible up to which event or time?

A. The last redo log file switch

B. The last checkpoint position

C. The last commit

D. The last incremental backup using RMAN

C. In ARCHIVELOG mode, recovering the database is possible up to the last COMMIT statement; in other words, no committed transactions are lost in ARCHIVELOG mode.

4. From the following, choose the true statement regarding image copies and backup sets.

A. An image copy stores one data file per image copy, and a backup set can store all data files in a single file.

B. An image copy stores one data file per image copy, and a backup set consists of one file per data file backed up.

C. Both image copies and backup sets use a single file to store all objects to be backed up.

D. A backup set stores each data file in its own backup file, but an image copy places all data files into a single output file.

5. The option on the EM Database Control backup-scheduling options screen that allows you to refresh an image copy on disk with an incremental backup is known as which RMAN feature?

A. Incrementally updated backups

B. Incremental level-zero backups

C. Compressed image-copy refresh

D. Compressed incremental backups

A. Incrementally updated backups save time during a recovery operation because fewer incremental backups need to be applied to the restored image copy.

6. When should the DBA make a trace copy of the control file using ALTER DATABASE BACKUP CONTROLFILE TO TRACE?

A. After every backup

B. After multiplexing the control files

C. Whenever restarting the instance

D. Whenever the physical structure of the database changes

7. Which of the following is not a step in configuring your database to archive redo log files?

A. Place the database in ARCHIVELOG mode.

B. Multiplex the online redo log files.

C. Specify a destination for archived redo log files.

D. Specify a naming convention for your archived redo log files.

B. Although it is recommended that you multiplex your online redo log files, it is not required to enable ARCHIVELOG mode of the database.

8. Why are online backups known as inconsistent backups?

A. Because not all control files are synchronized to the same SCN until the database is shut down

B. Because both committed and uncommitted transactions are included in a backup when the database is online

C. Because a database failure while an online backup is in progress can leave the database in an inconsistent state

D. Because online backups make copies of data files while they are not consistent with the control files

D. During an online backup, even if all data files are backed up at the same time, they are rarely, if ever, in sync with the control file.

9. Which parameter is used to specify the archive-log destination?

A. ARCHIVE_LOG_DEST_n

B. LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_n

C. DB_CREATE_FILE_DEST

D. DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST_n

10. Which of the following initialization parameters specifies the location where the control file trace backup is sent?

A. DIAGNOSTIC_DEST

B. BACKGROUND_DUMP_DEST

C. LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST

D. CORE_DUMP_DEST

A. The trace backup is created in a subdirectory under the location specified by the DIAGNOSTIC_DEST parameter—$DIAGNOSTIC_DEST/diag/<dbname>/<instancename>/trace directory.

11. Which of the following pieces of information is not available in the control file?

A. Instance name

B. Database name

C. Tablespace names

D. Log sequence number

A. The instance name is not in the control file. The control file has information about the physical database structure.

12. Which data dictionary view shows that the database is in ARCHIVELOG mode?

A. V$INSTANCE

B. V$LOG

C. V$DATABASE

D. V$THREAD

C. The V$DATABASE view in the column LOG_MODE shows whether the database is in ARCHIVELOG mode or in NOARCHIVELOG mode.

13. Which file records all changes made to the database and is used only when recovering an instance?

A. Archive-log file

B. Redo log file

C. Control file

D. Alert log file

14. Which initialization parameter contains the value used as the default for archived log file destination 10?

A. LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST

B. STANDBY_ARCHIVE_DEST

C. LOG_ARCHIVE_DUPLEX_DEST

D. DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST

E. USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST

DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST points to the flash recovery area, and this is the default for archived log-file destination number 10.